小学英语四种基本句型肯定句否定句、一般疑问句与特殊疑问句

肯定句、否定句、一般疑问句和特殊疑问句的详解 一、肯定句、否定句、一般疑问句和特殊疑问句定义 1．肯定句：表示肯定的意思, 即不含有否定词“不”。 我是一个学生 I am a student. 他去上学 He goes to school. 2．否定句：表示否定的意思。 我不是一个男孩。 I am not a boy 他不去上学 He does not go to school. 3. 一般疑问句：回答为“是yes”或者“否no”的问句。 你是一个学生吗？ Are you a student? 你喜欢英语吗？ Do you like English? 4. 特殊疑问句：回答不是“是yes”或者“否no”的问句，根据提问内容具体回答。 现在几点了？ What’s the time? 哪一支笔是你的？ Which is your pen? 二、肯定句、否定句、一般疑问句和特殊疑问句的相互转换 有am, is, are的句子 肯定句变否定句：在am, is, are后面加上not,其余按顺序照抄。 肯定句变一般疑问句：把am, is, are提前放到句首并大写Am, Is, Are,其余照抄。 肯定句变特殊疑问句（就划线部分提问）：分3步骤 第一步：先变一般疑问句 第二步：找合适的特殊疑问词代替划线部分（划线部分不能在特殊疑问句中出现） 第三步：特殊疑问词提前放到句首，并大写，其余按顺序照抄，省略划线部分。 1． 肯定句、否定句和一般疑问句的互换 肯定句：This is a book. 否定句：This is not a book. 一般疑问句：Is this a book? 肯定回答：Yes, it is. 否定回答：No, it isn’t. 2． 就划线部分提问(变特殊疑问句) This is a book. 第一步：变一般疑问句 Is this a book? 第二步：找合适的特殊疑问词 Is this what ? 第三步：特殊疑问词提前放到句首，并大写，其余按顺序照抄，省略划线部分。What is this? 没有am, is, are的句子 肯定句变否定句：在主语后面加上do not或者does not,其余按顺序照抄动词用原形 肯定句变一般疑问句：在句首加do或者does并大写,其余照抄。注意：动词用原形 肯定句变特殊疑问句（就划线部分提问）：分3步骤 第一步：先变一般疑问句 第二步：找合适的特殊疑问词代替划线部分（划线部分不能在特殊疑问句中出现） 第三步：特殊疑问词提前放到句首，并大写，其余按顺序照抄，省略划线部分。 1.肯定句、否定句和一般疑问句的互换 非单三时用do, 单三时用does 非单三 肯定句：I like English. 一般疑问句：Do you like English? 否定句：I do not like English. 单三 肯定句：He likes English. 一般疑问句：Does he like English? 否定句：He does not like English. 2.就划线部分提问(变特殊疑问句) I like English. 第一步：先变一般疑问句 Do you like English? 第二步：找合适的特殊疑问词代替划线部分Do you like what? 第三步：特殊疑问词提前放到句首，并大写，其余按顺序照抄，省略划线部分。 What do you like? 常用特殊疑问词及词组： when 什么时间（问时间） who 谁（问人） whose 谁的 问主人 where 在哪里 问地点 which 哪一个 问选择 what date 什么日期 问具体日期 what place什么地点问具体地址 how …怎么样 问情况 how old 多大 问年龄 how many 多少 问数量 why 为什么 问原因 what 什么 问东西 what time 什么时间 问时间 what colour 什么颜色 问颜色 what about…怎么样 问意见 what day 星期几 问星期 how much 多少 问价钱 how about …怎么样 问意见 how far 多远 问路程 how long 多长 问时间 How soon 多快，多久 问时间 How often多久 问频率 三．句子的种类 类别 肯定 用法 标点 例句 This is a bag. That's my book. 叙述一件事情或 说明说话人的看法 陈述句 否定 . I can see a bag over there. I don't know. Are you a student? 用于提出问题 ? 一般 Do you like puppets? Can you speak English? What's your name? 疑问句 特殊 选择 用于提出问题 ? ? ? Where's my bag? How many trees are there? 用于提出问题 用于提出问题 Is your friend a boy or a girl? It's a fine day, isn't it? 反意 祈使句 表示命令或请求、建议 表示惊讶\\赞美\\愤怒 等强烈情感 .或！ Put it here! Look at the noticeboard. How smart! Glad to see you! What a nice pencil case! 感叹句 ！ 特殊： 1.some变为any There are some birds in the tree.→There aren't any birds in the tree. 但是，若在表示请邀请、请求的句子中，some可以不变。 Would you like some orange juice? 与此相关的一些不定代词如something, somebody等也要进行相应变化。 2.and变为or I have a knife and a ruler.→I don't have a knife or a ruler. 3.a lot of (=lots of)变为many或much They have a lot of friends.（可数名词）→They don't have many friends. There is lots of orange in the bottle.（不可数名词） →There isn't much orange in the bottle. 4.already变为yet I have been there already.→I haven't been there yet. 熟记变特殊疑问句时，容易判断错的情况。 1、 数词 表示年龄：He is fifty-five. How old is he ? 表示时间：It’s fifty-five. What’s the time? 表示加法：Six and two is eight. What’s six and two? 表示价格：The shirt is thirty yuan . How much is the shirt? 表示多少：I have three brothers. How many brothers do you have? 2、 姓名和人 表示人名：My name is Gina. What’s your name? 表示人：The woman is Gina. Who is the woman ? 3、 长度和距离 表示距离：It’s five hundred metres away from here. How far is it from here? 表示长度：It’s five hundred metres. How long is it ? 4、 颜色，东西 表示颜色：The shoes are white. What color are the shoes? 表示物：They are white sheep. What are they? 表示颜色：They are white sheep. What color are these sheep? 5、 名词所有格和人 表示名词所有格：She’s Lucy’s sister. Whose sister is she? 表示人：She’s Lucy’s sister. Who is she? 练一练1 (用特殊疑问词填空)： 1、A: _______ is the boy in blue?????????B:He’s Mike. 2、A: _______ wallet is it????????????? B:It’s mine. 3、A: _______ is the diary????????????? B:It’s under the chair. 4、A: _______ is the Chirstmas Day????? B: It’s on the 25th of December. 5、A: _______ are the earphones?????????B:They are 25 yuan. 6、A: _______ is the hairdryer???????????B:It’s blue. 7、A: _______ is it today???????????????B:It’s Sunday. 8、A: _______ was it yesterday????????? B: It was the 13th of October. 9、A: _______ this red one?????????????B:It’s beautiful. 10、A: _______ is it from here????????? B:It’s about two kilometres away. 11、A: Can I have some paper and some crayons? B: _______ ?????????????????????A: I want to make a kite. 12、A:_______ one is fatter, the blue one or the red one??? B: The blue one. 13、A:_______ is your cousin?????B: He’s 15 years old. 14、A:_______ do you have dinner??? B: At 6 o’clock 练一练2： 1、 It’s a book. (改一般疑问句) 2、 My father is in the study. (对划线部分提问) 3、??Do you watch TV every Sunday? (做肯定回答) 4、??This picture is very beautiful. （改为以what引导的感叹句） 5、??Kick the ball to me! (改为否定句) 6、??I have a big present. （对划线部分提问） 7、??There are some orange trees on the farm. (改为单数句子) 练一练3： 1._______________ is this? It’s a rubber. 2._____ _______ rubbers are there in the pencilbox? 3._____ _______ is your brother? He’s nine. 4.________ are they? They are cows. 5. _______ are you? I’m fine. 6. _______ do you feel? We are happy. 7.________ is your father? He is a dentist. 8.________ does he goto school? He goes to school by bus. 9.________ are the ducks? They are on the river. 10. ______ is his name? He is Martin. 11. _______ ________ new books have you got? Five. 12._______ ________ is the tree? It’s green. 13. _______coats are these? Mary’s. 14. _______ is on the desk? There is a glass. 15. _______ _______ is this book? It’s very interesting. 练一练4（对画线部分提问）： 1． They bought a new bike yesterday. ____________________________________________________ 2． She is a nurse . ____________________________________________________ 3． She is my teacher. ____________________________________________________ 4． He bought the red one . ____________________________________________________ 5． It is my coat . ____________________________________________________ 6． I am looking for my sister . ____________________________________________________ 7． I get up at six . ____________________________________________________ 8． I am from Hubei . ____________________________________________________ 9． I went to school late because I got up late. ____________________________________________________ 10. It is windy . _____________________________________________________ 11. I am getting on well with it. _____________________________________________________ 12. My bag is red . ______________________________________________________ 13. The book is Li Hua’s. ______________________________________________________ 14. I like math best. ______________________________________________________ 15. They are five yuan . ______________________________________________________ 16. I wash it twice a week . ______________________________________________________ 17. He will be back in four days . ______________________________________________________ 18. I didn’t come to class yesterday because I was ill . ______________________________________________________ 练一练5：选择题 ( ) 19.---- Excuse me ______ is the nearest bookshop ? -----Go down the street and turn left at the second corner? A. how B. what C. where D. who ( ) 20. ______ is a ticker for the film Hacker He? About forty yuan . A. How old B. How many C. How much D. How often ( ) 21. —______ are you going? — I’m going to the library. A. Who B. Which C. What D. Where ( ) 22.---- It’s a nice car. ______ have you been in it? --- Just to Shanghai. A. How much B. How soon C. How long D. How far ( ) 23. ______? It’s eight. A. What day is it B. What’s five and three C. How old are you D. What’s your telephone number ( ) 24. —______? —I’ve got a headache and a cough. A. What’s your trouble B. What’s wrong with it C. Can I help you D. How are you ( ) 25. ______ tea did you have? Two cups. A. How many B. How much C. How soon D. Which ( ) 26. ______ shall we meet in the park? What about half past eight? A. What B. When C. Where D., Which ( ) 27. ______ a year does your school have sports meetings? Twice a year. A. How often B. How soon C. How long D. How many times ( )28. ______? The one behind the tree. A. Whose girl B. Who’s that girl C. Which girl D. Where’s the girl ( )29. ______ are you going to be in the future? I want to be a person _____- Yang Liwei. A. How , like B. How , as C. What , like D. What , as ( )30.______ will your father be back? . A How long B how often C How soon D How wide 练一练6（就划线部分提问）： 31．He often has lunch in the factory． ? ? he often ?lunch？ 32．They will come back in a month． ?? ? ?will they come back？ 33．He hurt his leg last Sunday． ?? ? ?he hurt his leg ？ 34．I got up at six this morning ． ?? ? ? ?you ?up this morning ？ 35．They were drawing a horse when I came in． ?? ? ?they ?when I came in ？ 36．I didn't go to school because I had a bad cold． ?? ? ?you go to school？ 37．You'd better take the No．3 bus． ??? ?bus ?I better take？ 38．He's feeling well． ?? ? ?he feeling ？ 39．The girl in a red coat is my sister． ?? ? ?is your sister？ 40．He comes to China once a year． ??? ? ? ?he ?to China？ 41. He goes to see his grandma ( twice a week ). (对括号部分提问) _________________________________________________? 42. My father goes to work by car. ( 改为特殊疑问句 ) __________________________________________________? 43. It take ( 15 minutes ) for a ferry to cross the river. ( 对括号部分提问 ) __________________________________________________? 44. You can dial ( 110 ) to call the police. ( 对括号部分提问 ) _______ ________ can you dial to call the police 45. Ted put his bag in the desk . ( 改为特殊疑问句 ) _____ ______ Ted _____ in the desk? 46. The students ( went camping ) last week. (对括号部分提问) _________________________________________________? 47. Diogenes came from ( Greece ). (对括号部分提问) _____ _____ Diogenes ______ _______? 48. The way to keep fit is ( to eat food and take morn exercise). (对括号部分提问) _______ _______ the way to _______ _______? 49. We landed (on an unexplored planet ) . ( 对括号部分提问 ) _______ ______ you land ? 练一练7（单项选择题）： (???? )1. How are you ???????????????????? A.Fine,thanks.????? B.Yes,it is. C.How are you ? ( )2. Nice to meet you ! A.Fine,thank you. B.OK. C.Nice to meet you ,too ! ( )3. How do you go to school ? A.I go to Canada by plane. B.I go to school by bike. C.What about you ? ( )4. How do you go to the USA ? A.I usually go to school by bus. B.I go to England by ship. C.I go by plane. ( )5. ? My home is near the post office. A. Where is your home ? B.OK. C.See you then! ( )6. See you at 2 o’clock. A.See you then ! B.The fifth floor. C.It’s easy. ( )7. ? You can go by the No.15 bus. A.It’s not far. B. How can I get to Zhongshan Park ? C.Sure. ( )8. Where is the hospital? A.Next to the cinema. B.Thank you . C.You’re welcome. ( )9. Excuse me ,is there a cinema near here ? A.Yes,there is . B.No,it’s not far. C.It’s near the post office. ( )10. ? It’s near the post office. A.Yes,there is . B.No,it’s not far. C. Where is the library? ( )11. ? It’s next to the hospital. A. Where is the cinema ,please ? B.Is it far ? C.Go straight. ( )12. How can I get to the hospital ? A.It’s next to the hospital. B.You can go by the No.201 bus. C.Thank you. ( )13.Thank you . A.Thank you . B.OK. C.You’re welcome. ( )14. How can I get to the museum? A.Go straight.Then turn left. B.Thank you . C.It’s east of the cinema . ( )15. Where is the post office ? A.Go straight.Then turn left. B.Thank you . C.It’s east of the cinema . ( )16. What are you going to do this evening ? A.I’m going to the cinema . B.I go to school on foot. C.Yes,it is. ( )17. Is it far ? A.No,it is . B.Yes , it is . C.Yes,it isn’t. ( )18. do you go to school ? A.What B.Where C.How ( )19. I go to school bike. A.on B. by C.get ( )20. Can I go foot ? A.by B.at C.on ( )21.How can I to the post office ? A.near B. get C.for ( )22. me A. Excuse B. How C.next ( )23. birthday to you ! A. After B.Happy C.First ( )24. The hospital is the left. A. at B.in C.on ( )25. is the bookstore ? A.Where B.How C.When